Stable and Unstable Manifolds in Open Chaotic Systems

On the basis of the Hamiltonian mapping technique,§the transport mechanisms of heat and particles in§stochastic fusion plasmas are studied. The chaotic§motion inside the plasma as well as the wall§patterns, created by open chaotic systems like the§DED at TEXTOR, are analyzed. For this, the concept of§the stable and unstable manifolds is used.§§Starting with a basic model, the symmetric tokamap as§well as the revtokamap, and continued with a§simplified realistic model, the cylindrical DED§model, the field line transport is analyzed. The§typical structures in open, partially stochastic§systems and their connections to the stable and§unstable manifolds are explained.§§Then the cylindrical model is generalized to the real§toroidal TEXTOR-DED model. The Hamiltonian for a§relativistic guiding-center model is derived and a§4-dimensional mapping procedure is constructed. The§drift effects are studied for the unperturbed and the§perturbed case.§§Finally, measurements of heat flux patterns at§the divertor plates of the TEXTOR-DED are compared to§theoretically calculated ones and their structures§are analyzed and explained, using the stable and§unstable manifolds.