Operational Center of Gravity

This study examines the concept of the operational center of gravity and whether is has relevance for operations today. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the definition of the operational center of gravity and how this concept can be used by the individual practicing operational art. The roots of the concept, as well as current explanations, are examined to determine the applicability of this concept. Two historical examples from World War II are illustrated to assist in clarifying the concept. Multiple centers of gravity are explored as well as their value to the operational artist. One of the conclusions drawn from this investigation is that there is usually but one center of gravity at the operational level. This center of gravity is supported by several sub-centers of gravity that give the center its freedom of action. These sub-centers form the spokes of the wheel that support the hub, from which the force attains its freedom of action. These spokes are relative in nature and consist of the strengths and weaknesses of the force. Unbalancing these spokes, while protecting one's own, should be the object of the operational commander. This allows for the indirect approach which results in success on the modern battlefield.