Time, Space, and Mass at the Operational Level of War

This monograph addresses the dynamics of the culminating point and its impact on the modern battlefield. It does so by first establishing a theoretical framework for operational culmination and then examining the theory as reflected in recent history. This paper focuses on the concept of operational culmination by examining the theoretical elements of culmination and then looking at the application of the concept in actual warfare. To do this, the paper first examines key definitions and provides a theoretical framework for understanding culmination. Next, it considers the application of the concept against the backdrop of actual campaigns in recent history. Then, doctrinal implications are identified in light of theory and experience to assess culmination considerations in U.S. operational doctrine. The conclusions support the validity of the concept on the modern battlefield. However, although the theory describes a critical dynamic of the battlefield it offers nothing more than a benchmark. It does not offer final answers for the operational artist, but serves as a start point which must be considered in the context of current situations, capabilities, means, and objectives.