Haptic Interfaces based on Smart Materials

In this book is investigated the possibility of mimicking haptic perception by using new technologies. Innovative solutions are needed to address multi-channel tactile perception. One avenue is to use smart fluids . Their rheological behaviour could be exploited to implement innovative haptic interfaces, which are capable of reproducing shape and compliance of virtual objects. A new generation of haptic display for free-hand exploration is envisioned, whereby the operator can interact with the virtual object by freely moving the hand without mechanical constraints. In such a way the full sensory-motor apparatus on the operator''s hand would be involved, rather than restricting to just one or few fingertips or phalanges. This type of haptic interfaces would allow a direct contact with a compliant object. In this case both kinaesthetic and cutaneous channels of the fingerpads are stimulated during manipulation thus tactile perception is augmented. Innovative 2D and 3D devices based on smart fluids are described and some prototypes are analyzed, taking into account theroretical, mechanical, electrical, aspects.