Beyond Contractual Morality

In light of contemporary debates over liberalism, and informed by the problems of contemporary democratic, pluralistic culture, "Beyond Contractual Morality" re-examines the roots of these current discussions in eighteenth-century texts. Enlightenment texts demonstrate the historical intertwining of political, legal and moral problems in their extension of social contract theory into various realms of private and public life. Specifically, these texts point to an over-reliance on the notion of contract to resolve ethical dilemmas. A range of issues and authors is discussed, including: the historical development of social contract theory from Hobbes to Rousseau; conflicting conceptions of education in Rousseau's writings; the rise of professional ethics; the concept of tolerance as discussed by Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau; and the divide between the public and private realms in the writings of Charriere and Sade. "Beyond Contractual Morality" concludes with a reemphasis on the contemporary context of debate, and proposes a defense of a revised version of liberalism that can take account of positive duties without sacrificing individual autonomy. Julia Simon is Associate Professor of French at the Pennsylvania State University.